The Leibniz Association speaks here of ”contractually formalized cooperation with a use orientation”. Since independence of research and credibility are cornerstones of BIPS’ work, any contracts with funders including industry are only concluded conditional upon the right to freely publish the results of the work carried out under the respective contract. Thus, BIPS’ collaborations with industry hardly serve the development of commercial products. We do not engage in direct support of product marketing. Most of our industry-sponsored research is consumer-oriented in that it uses our pharmacoepidemiological research database (GePaRD) to address questions of drug utilization and drug safety after release to the market.